Kugeza ubu, gahunda yo guswera kw'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ahanini ni gahunda ya DC, igomba kwishyuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zakozwe na bateri y'izuba, kandi bateri itanga imbaraga mu buryo butaziguye umutwaro. Kurugero, sisitemu yo gucana imirasire mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubushinwa na Sitasiyo ya Sitasiyo ya Microwave kure ya gride ni sisitemu yose ya DC. Ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu ifite imiterere yoroshye nigiciro gito. Ariko, kubera umutwaro utandukanye wa DC ya DC (nka 12v, 24V, 48v, nibindi biragoye kugera kuri sisitemu, cyane cyane kubutegetsi bwabasivili, nkuko ac imizigo ya AC ikoreshwa hamwe nimbaraga za DC. Biragoye kubitanga byamashanyarazi yo gutanga amashanyarazi kugirango yinjire ku isoko nka rembodity. Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaic agera ku bikorwa bihujwe na grid, agomba gufata icyitegererezo cyisoko rikuze. Mu bihe biri imbere, ac Poppovoltaic Imbaraga za sisitemu zizaba nyamukuru kuri serivise ya PhotoVoltaic.
Ibisabwa na sisitemu yubusekuru bwibisekuru byigisekuru cyimbaraga zanyuma
Uburyo bwa Porogaramu ya PhotoVoltaic ukoresheje ibisohokamo bya AC bigizwe nibice bine: Gutwara amakuru, bateri hamwe na sisitemu yubusekuru (inverteri (inverteri hamwe nikintu cyingenzi. PhotoVeltaic ifite ibisabwa byinshi kubaboheye:
1. Ibyiza bisabwa. Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyingabo zizuba ubu, kugirango ukoreshe imikoreshereze y'izuba no kunoza imikorere myiza, birakenewe kugerageza kunoza imikorere ya inverter.
2. Kwizerwa cyane. Kugeza ubu, uburyo bwo gufotorwa bwamafoto bukoreshwa cyane mu turere twa kure, kandi sitasiyo nyinshi zititabiriwe kandi zibungabungwa. Ibi bisaba inshundura kugirango ugire imiterere yumuriro ushyira mu gaciro, guhitamo neza, kandi bisaba inverter kugirango ugire umutekano utandukanye wo kurinda, AC Ibisohoka Kurinda Umuzunguruko, AC Ibisohoka Kureshya, Ibindi
3. DC yinjiza voltage isabwa kugira urwego runini rwo kurwanya imihindagurikire. Kubera ko ihindagurika rya bateri rihinduka n'umutwaro n'imbaraga z'izuba, nubwo bateri ifite ingaruka zikomeye kuri voltage ya bateri, ihindagurika rya bateri hamwe nimpinduka ubushobozi bwa bateri no kurwanya imbere. Cyane cyane iyo bateri ishaje, voltage yayo iratandukanye cyane. Kurugero, voltage ya terminal ya bateri ya 12 V kugeza kuri 10 V kugeza 16 V. Ibi bisaba inverter gukora kuri DC nini ya DC ihuza voltage.
4. Mu rwego rwo hagati kandi nini-ubushobozi bwa pompevoluic sisitemu yo gusenya igisekuru, ibisohoka byingufu zanyuma bigomba kuba imyene yo kugoreka. Ibi ni ukubera uburyo buciriritse kandi bunini bwa sisitemu, niba ibiruhuko bya kare bikoreshwa, kandi guhuza bigize guhuza, kandi guhuza hejuru bizatanga ikindi gihombo. Uburyo bwinshi bwa soctovoteic imbaraga zisumbabukuru byuzuyemo itumanaho cyangwa ibikoresho byibikoresho. Ibikoresho bifite ibisabwa byinshi ku bwiza bwa Grid. Iyo uburyo bwo hagati kandi bunini-bwamashanyarazi bwamashanyarazi buhujwe na gride, kugirango birinde umwanda rusange hamwe na gride rusange, intsinzi irasabwa kandi gusohoka ku muvuduko wubudozi.
Ihinduka rihindura ritaziguye mugusimbuza ikibundi. Niba voltage igezweho iri hasi, irakuzwa no guhinduranya ubungubu kugirango ubone voltage isanzwe ya voltage yubu hamwe. Kubinini-byinshi, kubera ibinyabiziga byinshi bya DC, ibisohoka ac muri rusange ntibikeneye guhindura kugirango wongere voltage kugeza 220v. Mu rwego ruciriritse kandi ruto - voltage ya dc, ugereranije ni hasi, nka 12v, kuri 24v, umugenzuzi wo mu rugo agomba gukemurwa. Hagati kandi ntoya-inyondo muri rusange zirimo gusunika-gukurura inverteri imirongo, yuzuye-ikiraro impengamiro nziza hamwe na metero ndende. Gusunika-Kuzenguruka imirongo ihuza imiyoboro itabogamye yo guhindurwa kumashanyarazi, kandi imiyoboro ibiri ya ac, kandi kubera ko imbohe zifite imbaraga zoroshye, kuko imbohe zifite imbaraga zoroshye, kandi kubera ko imbohe zifite imbaraga zoroshye, kuko igenzura rya Ac Ibibi nuko ukoresha umuhinduzi ari hasi kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara imitwaro inductive ni umukene.
Ikirango cyuzuye muzunguruka cyatsinze amakosa ya Grash-gukurura icyuho. Imashini yubutegetsi yahinduye ibisohoka ubugari bwa pulse, kandi agaciro keza k'ibisohoka ac voltage ihinduka. Kuberako umuzenguruko ufite loop ihamye, ndetse no mumitwaro ya Inductive, ibisohoka kuzunguruka voltage ntibizagoreka. Ibibi byuyu muzunguruko nuko abapakizo bafite imbaraga zo hejuru kandi yo hepfo badasangiye ubutaka, bityo akaba umuzunguruko wihariye cyangwa amashanyarazi agomba gukoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, kugirango wirinde gukora intwaro rusange kandi yo hepfo yikiraro, umuzunguruko agomba kuba yagenewe, hanyuma akangukwa, ni ukuvuga igihe cyapfuye kigomba gushyirwaho, kandi hagomba kubaho igihe cyumuzunguruko kigomba kuba ingorabahizi.
Ibisohoka byo gusunika-gukurura icyuho cyumuzunguruko numuzunguruko wuzuye-byumuziki bigomba kongeramo intambwe. Kuberako intambwe yaka ari nini mubunini, hasi muburyo bwiza, kandi bihenze, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki na microelectoronike. Imbere-stage yo kuzamura umutwaro wiyi mpeshyi zuruziga rwatsinze imiterere yo gukurura. Ihinduranya ryayo ryemetse ryemerwa cyane-inshuro nyinshi magnecki yibanze, bityo rero ni nto mubunini noroheje muburemere. Nyuma yo kwikuramo inshuro nyinshi, ihindurwa mumashanyarazi arenganure unyuze kumurongo-muto, hanyuma hejuru ya 300v) ihindagurika muyungurura muyungurura.
Hamwe niyi miterere yumuzunguruko, imbaraga zanyuma ziterambere cyane, nta gutakaza inverteri ziratandukanye, kandi imikorere iratera imbere. Ibibi byumuzunguruko nuko umuzenguruko bigoye kandi kwizerwa biri munsi yumuzunguruko wavuzwe haruguru.
Kugenzura umuzenguruko uzunguruka
Imirongo nyamukuru yibigo byinshi byavuzwe haruguru byose bigomba kugerwaho numuzunguruko wo kugenzura. Mubisanzwe, hari uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura: kare kare hamwe nintege nke kandi bafite intege nke. Inshuro yo gutanga amashanyarazi hamwe na kare ya kare hejuru, hasi mubiciro, ariko hasi mubikorwa nibinini bihuza ibice. . Ibisohoka byo kuzunguruka niterambere ryiterambere. Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya microelecronika, micropropsors hamwe nimikorere ya PWM nayo irasohoka. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga ryimbitse kuri sine ibisohoka byakuze.
1. Abahebye hamwe na kare kare hejuru cyane bakoresha ahanini bakoresha imirongo ihuriweho na FLUP - nka SG 3 525, TL 494 nibindi. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko gukoresha imirongo ya SG3525 hamwe no gukoresha amashanyarazi mugihe ibikoresho byingufu birashobora kugera kubikorwa byinshi ugereranije nibibi. Kuberako SG3525 ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imbaraga zububasha kandi ifite aho ihuriweho nimbere hamwe nuburyo bwo kurinda ibikorwa, bityo umuzunguruko wa Peripheri, nuko umuzunguruko wa peripheri utaryoroshye cyane.
2. Igenzura rya interineti rihujwe n'umuriro usohotse, umuzenguruko wo kugenzura uwirukanye hamwe na micropropsor, nka 80 MC ikorwa na Intel Corporation, kandi ikorwa na sosiyete ya Motorola. Imp 16 na PI C 16 C 73 Yakozwe na MI-Cro Chip Company, nibindi. Mudasobwa za Chip Mugihe cyapfuye, koresha Intel ya Intel 80 C 196 MC kugirango umenye urumuri rusohoke, 80 Mc kugirango urangize igisekuru cya sine, kandi umenye ibimenyetso byanyuma kugirango ugere ku gahato voltage.
Guhitamo ibikoresho byubukungu mumuzunguruko nyamukuru wa inverter
Guhitamo ibice byingenzi byingufu zainverterni ngombwa cyane. Kugeza ubu, ibigize imbaraga zikoreshwa cyane birimo imyuga ya Darlington (BJT), Imbaraga Zimbaraga Zingirakamaro (Mos-f et), Abashinzwe Irembo ryinjira (IgB). T) Kureka Thysistor (GTO), nibindi, ibikoresho byakoreshejwe cyane muri sisitemu-yubushobozi bwikibazo cya leta, kubera ko mos fet igata kuri bt ya vol Ni ukubera ko irwanya kuri leta ya mos yiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa voltage, na bt iri muri sisitemu nini ya sisitemu (hejuru ya 100 kva), muri rusange bikoreshwa nkibice byingufu.
Igihe cyagenwe: Ukwakira-21-2021
