Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi y’Ubushinwa ahanini ni sisitemu ya DC, igomba kwishyuza ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangwa na batiri izuba, kandi bateri itanga ingufu mu mutwaro.Kurugero, sisitemu yo kumurika imirasire yizuba mumajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwubushinwa hamwe na sisitemu ya microwave itanga amashanyarazi kure ya gride ni sisitemu ya DC.Ubu bwoko bwa sisitemu ifite imiterere yoroshye nigiciro gito.Ariko, kubera umutwaro utandukanye wa voltage ya DC (nka 12V, 24V, 48V, nibindi), biragoye kugera kubisanzwe no guhuza sisitemu, cyane cyane kubasivili, kuko imitwaro myinshi ya AC ikoreshwa nimbaraga za DC .Biragoye ko amashanyarazi yifotora atanga amashanyarazi yinjira kumasoko nkibicuruzwa.Byongeye kandi, amashanyarazi yerekana amashanyarazi amaherezo azagera kubikorwa bihujwe na gride, bigomba gufata urugero rwisoko rikuze.Mu bihe biri imbere, amashanyarazi ya AC Photovoltaque azahinduka inzira nyamukuru yo kubyara amashanyarazi.
Ibisabwa bya sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi kugirango itange amashanyarazi
Sisitemu yo kubyara amashanyarazi akoresheje amashanyarazi asohoka igizwe nibice bine: umurongo wa Photovoltaque, kwishyuza no gusohora ibintu, bateri na inverter (sisitemu yo guhuza amashanyarazi ishobora kubika bateri), kandi inverter nikintu cyingenzi.Photovoltaic ifite ibisabwa byinshi kuri inverters:
1. Birakenewe gukora neza.Bitewe nigiciro kinini cyingirabuzimafatizo zizuba muri iki gihe, kugirango twongere gukoresha imirasire yizuba no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu, birakenewe kugerageza kunoza imikorere ya inverter.
2. Birakenewe kwizerwa cyane.Kugeza ubu, amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane cyane mu turere twa kure, kandi amashanyarazi menshi ntayitaho kandi akabungabungwa.Ibi birasaba inverter kugira imiterere yumuzunguruko yumvikana, guhitamo ibice bikomeye, kandi bigasaba inverter kugira imirimo itandukanye yo kurinda, nko kwinjiza DC Polarity ihuza kurinda, AC isohoka mugihe gito cyo gukingira, gushyuha cyane, kurinda birenze urugero, nibindi.
3. Umuyoboro wa DC winjiza urasabwa kugira intera nini yo guhuza n'imihindagurikire.Kubera ko imbaraga za terefone ya bateri ihinduka hamwe nuburemere nuburemere bwurumuri rwizuba, nubwo bateri igira ingaruka zikomeye kumashanyarazi ya bateri, voltage ya batiri ihindagurika hamwe no guhindura ubushobozi bwa bateri busigaye hamwe no kurwanya imbere.Cyane cyane iyo bateri ishaje, voltage yayo ya terefone iratandukanye cyane.Kurugero, voltage yumuriro wa batiri ya 12 V irashobora gutandukana kuva 10 V kugeza kuri 16 V. Ibi bisaba ko inverter ikora kuri DC nini Kwemeza imikorere isanzwe mumashanyarazi yinjira kandi ikemeza ko amashanyarazi asohoka.
4. Muri sisitemu yo hagati yingufu nini nini nini yo kubyara amashanyarazi, ibisohoka mumashanyarazi ya inverter bigomba kuba sine hamwe no kugoreka gake.Ibi ni ukubera ko muri sisitemu yo hagati nini nini-nini, niba ingufu za kare zingana zikoreshwa, ibisohoka bizaba birimo ibice byinshi bihuza, kandi guhuza byinshi bizatanga igihombo cyinyongera.Sisitemu nyinshi zo kubyara amashanyarazi zifite ibikoresho byitumanaho cyangwa ibikoresho.Ibikoresho bifite ibyangombwa bisabwa hejuru yubwiza bwa gride.Iyo sisitemu yo hagati y’amashanyarazi nini nini nini nini ihujwe na gride, kugirango hirindwe umwanda w’amashanyarazi hamwe na gride rusange, inverter nayo isabwa gusohora umuyaga wa sine.
Inverter ihindura ibyerekezo bitaziguye.Niba amashanyarazi ataziguye ari make, azamurwa na transformateur ihinduranya kugirango ibone imbaraga zisanzwe zihinduranya voltage na frequency.Kuri inverters nini-nini, bitewe na voltage ya bisi ya DC, ibisohoka AC muri rusange ntabwo ikenera transformateur kugirango izamure voltage kuri 220V.Muburyo buciriritse nubushobozi buke, indangantego ya DC iri hasi cyane, nka 12V, Kuri 24V, hagomba kuba hateguwe umuzunguruko.Hagati kandi ntoya-yubushobozi buke muri rusange harimo gusunika-gukurura inverteri yumuzingi, imiyoboro yuzuye-ikiraro cyuzuzanya hamwe ninshuro nyinshi zo kuzamura inverter.Gusunika-gusunika guhuza amashanyarazi adafite aho abogamiye ya transformateur yongerera imbaraga amashanyarazi meza, hamwe na tebes ebyiri zamashanyarazi Ubundi akazi, gusohora ingufu za AC, kubera ko transistors yamashanyarazi ihujwe nubutaka busanzwe, imiyoboro yo kugenzura no kugenzura biroroshye, kandi kuko transformateur ifite inductance runaka yamenetse, irashobora kugabanya imiyoboro ngufi-yumuzingi, bityo bikazamura ubwizerwe bwumuzunguruko.Ikibi nuko imikoreshereze ya transformateur iri hasi kandi ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo yindobanure ni mibi.
Inzira yuzuye-ikiraro inverter umuzenguruko unesha ibitagenda neza byo gusunika.Imbaraga tristoriste ihindura ibisohoka ubugari bwa pulse, nigiciro cyiza cyibisohoka AC voltage ihinduka.Kuberako uruziga rufite uruziga rwubusa, ndetse no kumitwaro yinductive, ibisohoka voltage yumurongo ntuzagoreka.Ikibi cyuyu muzunguruko nuko transistors yamashanyarazi yintwaro yo hejuru no hepfo idasangiye ubutaka, bityo hagomba gukoreshwa imiyoboro yabugenewe cyangwa amashanyarazi yihariye.Byongeye kandi, kugirango hirindwe imiyoboro rusange yintwaro yikiraro yo hejuru no hepfo, hagomba gutegurwa uruziga kugirango ruzimye hanyuma rufungure, ni ukuvuga ko igihe cyagenwe kigomba gushyirwaho, kandi imiterere yumuzingi iragoye.
Ibisohoka byo gusunika-gukurura umuzenguruko hamwe n-ikiraro cyuzuye-kizunguruka kigomba kongeramo intambwe-hejuru ya transformateur.Kuberako intambwe-nini ya transformateur nini nini, mubushobozi buke, kandi ihenze cyane, hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki hamwe na tekinoroji ya micrélectronics, tekinoroji yo guhinduranya intambwe ikoreshwa kugirango igere kuri revers Irashobora kubona imbaraga zingana zingana.Imbere-icyiciro cyo kuzamura umuzenguruko wiyi inverter izenguruka gusunika-gukurura, ariko inshuro zakazi ziri hejuru ya 20KHz.Impinduka zo guhindura imbaraga zifata ibintu byinshi bya magnetiki yibikoresho, bityo rero ni bito mubunini n'umucyo muburemere.Nyuma yo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi, ihindurwamo umuyoboro mwinshi uhinduranya umuyoboro unyuze mumashanyarazi menshi, hanyuma umuyagankuba mwinshi (muri rusange uri hejuru ya 300V) uboneka binyuze mumurongo mwinshi wa rectifier filter, hanyuma ugahinduka unyuze a amashanyarazi yumurongo wa inverter.
Hamwe niyi miterere yumuzunguruko, imbaraga za inverter zateye imbere cyane, nta-mutwaro wo gutakaza inverter wagabanutse, kandi imikorere iratera imbere.Ikibi cyumuzunguruko nuko umuzunguruko utoroshye kandi kwizerwa biri munsi yimirongo ibiri yavuzwe haruguru.
Igenzura ryumuzunguruko wa inverter
Inzira nyamukuru ya inverters yavuzwe haruguru byose bigomba kugerwaho numuzunguruko.Mubisanzwe, hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kugenzura: kwaduka kwaduka hamwe nibyiza kandi bidakomeye.Inverter itanga amashanyarazi hamwe na kwaduka kwaduka isohoka iroroshye, igiciro gito, ariko kiri hasi mubikorwa kandi binini mubice bihuza..Sine wave isohoka niterambere ryiterambere rya inverters.Hamwe niterambere rya tekinoroji ya microelectronics, microprocessors ifite imikorere ya PWM nayo yasohotse.Kubwibyo, tekinoroji ya inverter ya sine wave isohoka irakuze.
1. Inverters hamwe na kwaduka ya kwaduka isohoka cyane cyane ikoresha pulse-ubugari bwa modulisiyo ihuriweho hamwe, nka SG 3 525, TL 494 nibindi.Imyitozo yerekanye ko ikoreshwa rya SG3525 ryuzuzanya hamwe no gukoresha ingufu FETs nkuguhindura ibice byamashanyarazi bishobora kugera kumikorere ihanitse kandi ihindura ibiciro.Kuberako SG3525 ifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara imbaraga FETs Ubushobozi kandi ifite isoko yimbere yimbere hamwe na amplifier ikora hamwe nuburinzi bwo gukingira amashanyarazi, bityo umuzenguruko wa peripheri uroroshye cyane.
2. Inverter igenzura imiyoboro ihuriweho hamwe na sine wave isohoka, kugenzura imiyoboro ya inverter hamwe nibisohoka bya sine birashobora kugenzurwa na microprocessor, nka 80 C 196 MC yakozwe na INTEL Corporation, kandi ikorwa na sosiyete ya Motorola.MP 16 na PI C 16 C 73 byakozwe na MI-CRO CHIP Company, nibindi.Mugihe cyapfuye, koresha 80 C 196 MC ya sosiyete ya INTEL kugirango umenye umuzunguruko wa sine, 80 C 196 MC kugirango urangize ibyuka bya sine, hanyuma umenye amashanyarazi asohoka kugirango ugere kuri Voltage.
Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byimbaraga Mubizunguruka Bikuru bya Inverter
Guhitamo imbaraga zingenzi zigize iinverterni ngombwa cyane.Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane birimo ingufu za transistor ya Darlington (BJT), transistors yingufu zamashanyarazi (MOS-F ET), transistor yo mumarembo (IGB).T. ikoreshwa muri voltage nini na sisitemu nini-nini.Ibi ni ukubera ko leta irwanya MOS FET yiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kwa voltage, kandi IG BT iri muri sisitemu yubushobozi buciriritse ifite inyungu nyinshi, mugihe muri sisitemu nini-nini (hejuru ya 100 kVA), GTO ikoreshwa muri rusange nk'ibigize imbaraga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-21-2021
